The state of cycling: Alliance for Biking & Walking releases ‘2012 Benchmarking Report’

Cover of the report

The Alliance for Biking & Walking, a non-profit coalition made up of 180 member organizations across the country, released its 2012 Benchmarking Report today. Full of statistics and charts, the 243 page report provides a window into our nation’s progress in promoting non-motorized transportation; and the numbers — on everything from the economic to health benefits of bicycling — make a compelling case for more investment. The report was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (along with support from AARP and Planet Bike) and it focuses on all 50 states and the 51 largest U.S. cities.

The report uses existing government data from the U.S. Census, the American Community Survey (ACS), the National Highway and Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA), and other sources. While the stats aren’t new, the report presents them in new ways, allowing us to see multi-year trends and make comparisons between different parts of the country.

It’s an invaluable resource that should be on everyone’s shelf and/or bookmark list.

Now let’s take a look at some of the numbers…

  • People on bikes make up 1.8% of all traffic fatalities
  • In 2009, 40% of trips in the United States were shorter than 2 miles, yet 87% of these trips are by car. Twenty-seven percent of trips were shorter than 1 mile. Still, Americans use their cars for 62% of these trips.
  • While bicycling and walking fell 66% between 1960 and 2009, obesity levels increased 156%.
  • Seniors are “the most vulnerable bicyclists and pedestrians”… This age group accounts for 6% of bicycling trips, yet 10% of bicyclist fatalities.
  • Bicycling and walking projects create 11-14 jobs per $1 million spent, compared to just 7 jobs created per $1 million spent on highway projects.
  • Cost benefit analysis show that up to $11.80 in benefits can be gained for every $1 invested in bicycling and walking.

When it comes to cycling to work, Oregon ranked #1 among states with a 2.1% bike mode share and Portland ranked #1 among cities with 5.5%. Here’s how the top 10 look (numbers from ACS 2007-2009):

In order to inspire advocates and remind us how far we have to go, the report also compared the U.S. to European countries. Check out the graph below: Trends in Cycling and Walking: Share of all daily trips in the U.S., Germany, the Netherlands, France, the UK, and Denmark, 1974-2009

In addition to how many people are walking and biking, the report also delved into fatality and injury statistics in its “Safety” chapter. Using NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis and Reporting System (FARS, which is based off of police report data) and injury stats from the CDC, the report found that while bicycling and walking account for 13.8% of all trips in the top 51 cities, they represent 30% of all traffic fatalities. (Aside: I was surprised to see that the report’s authors used the word “accident” instead of collision or crash.)

Also in the Safety chapter, the report ranked the “Safest Places to Bike.” To measure risk, the Alliance divided the number of annual bicycle fatalities by population (weighted, or multiplied by, by share of the population biking to work). Among states, Oregon ranked as third safest state and Portland was ranked fifth among cities…

(Sources: FARS 2007-2009, ACS 2007-2009)

According to the Alliance, Oregon has 1.4 bike fatalities per 10,000 “daily bicyclists” and Portland has 0.9 fatalities per 10,000 daily riders. Those numbers compare very favorably to the national average which is 4.2 deaths per 10,000 daily riders.

While injury and fatality rates have dropped steadily over the past several decades in the U.S., our streets remain much more dangerous than our European counterparts in the UK, Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands:

Source: John Pucher and Ralph Buehler, “Walking and Cycling for Healthy Cities,” Built Environment, Vol 36, No. 5, December 2010, pp. 391-414.(PDF)

What’s behind the fact that the U.S. lags far behind Europe in rates of bicycling and more of our citizens are being hurt and killed while doing it? Well, you get what you pay for…

(Sources: This graph is modified with permission from Thomas Gotschi and Kevin Mills, Active Transportation for America – The Case for Increased Federal Investment in Bicycling and Walking. Rails-to-Trails Conservancy, 2008 (link); modified from J. Pucher et al., 2007. At the Frontiers of Cycling: Policy Innovations in the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany World Transport Policy & Practice; ACS 2007-2009, FHWA FMIS 2006-2010. Note: *Spending data for the United States and Portland are for bicycling and walking combined.)

How does bicycling impact health? There’s an entire chapter of stats and graphs devoted to that topic. Here’s one that compares bicycling rates in states with the number of people diagnosed with diabetes:

As you can see, this report is a treasure trove of information; and this is just a small sampling of what you’ll find in it (one of the most helpful things I found was the links listed in the “Additional Resources” section of the Appendix).

In their conclusion, the Alliance writes that, “increasing bicycling and walking are goals that are clearly in the public interest,” and that doing so will, “help solve many serious problems facing our nation.” And, while the trends look positive and several cities are making progress, “much more remains to be done.”

— Download the full report at PeoplePoweredMovement.org.

Jonathan Maus (Publisher/Editor)

Jonathan Maus (Publisher/Editor)

Founder of BikePortland (in 2005). Father of three. North Portlander. Basketball lover. Car owner and driver. If you have questions or feedback about this site or my work, feel free to contact me at @jonathan_maus on Twitter, via email at maus.jonathan@gmail.com, or phone/text at 503-706-8804. Also, if you read and appreciate this site, please become a supporter.

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Elliot
Elliot
12 years ago

There are some fantastic sound bites in here.

Next time someone tells you “Portland is spending too much money on bikes!”, you can say “Portland spends less than $4 per person per year on bikes… you think that’s too much?!”

art fuldodger
art fuldodger
12 years ago
Reply to  Elliot

yep, that’s a good one — actually it’s bikes & pedestrians combined. I think I’ll start offering $2 to any “bike subsidy” complainers i encounter in exchange for their shutting up about it for a year…

Chris I
Chris I
12 years ago

It would be really interesting to see how much we are spending on every car driver each year…

Randall S.
Randall S.
12 years ago
Reply to  Chris I

Total ODOT revenue for the 09-11 biennium is $5.1bil, which makes about $2.7bil per year. At least $2.441bil of the biennium budget is spent on “Highway maintenance.” With a population of about 3.8million, that works out to around $315 per person, per year. Mind you, “Highway maintenance” is only 62% of ODOT’s budget, so the actual cost per person to fund ODOT is higher.

Source: http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/COMM/docs/BudgetBooklet_09-11.pdf?ga=t

Danny
danny
12 years ago

Great summary of this important report, Jonathan. Numbers don’t lie, and these making a compelling case for more investment in cycling. I’m just thanksful I’m in the #1 city for bikes in the U.S., even though we still have a long way to go.

Paul H
Paul H
12 years ago

Jonathan,

Thanks for taking the time to provide an introduction and summary to what appears to be a lengthy report!

Adams Carroll (News Intern)

Please note that I didn’t really mention “amount spent on bicycling and walking” stats.. This is because I find that (as well as others in the report), not very solid. Even by the report’s own admission, it’s impossible to tease out the exact amount of “bike/ped funding” because many big projects include adequate biking/walking access but they aren’t called “bike/ped projects” specifically. This is another reason why I think advocates should stop using that term and instead drop mode labels from this discussion.

Randall S.
Randall S.
12 years ago

As a guy who grew up in Montana, I read this and kept saying “Is there, like, another Montana?”

Chris I
Chris I
12 years ago
Reply to  Randall S.

Must be a mixture of college students relative to overall population? I hear Missoula is very bike friendly.

Alain
Alain
12 years ago

I was surprised by the list of “safe” cities to bicycle in, esp Boston, unless things have change since I was there in 2006. A great walking city, but cycling there looked crazy and most of the cycling I observed was in Cambridge. I used to ride in SF, but that was in the mid-1990s, and it was scary then. Milwaukee does seem pretty nice to ride in, having just visited in October.

I’m curious about the criteria used to define “safe”, seems very subjective, but I’m guessing it’s about amount of infrastructure (miles of bike lanes, etc). It’s probably in the report, so I’ll have to take a closer look.

Chris M
Chris M
12 years ago

It doesn’t make much sense to rank develop a state ranking normalized by the percent of those riding to work, which is a mostly urban activity. That the ranking identifies mostly rural, low population states as “safest” should have been a flag that the list doesn’t have much meaning.